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  2. Orienteering map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienteering_map

    An orienteering map, and a compass, are the primary aids for the competitor to complete an orienteering course of control points as quickly as possible. [2] A map that is reliable and accurate is essential so that a course can be provided which will test the navigational skills of the competitor. The map also needs to be relevant to the needs ...

  3. Direction determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_determination

    Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

  4. Course (orienteering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_(orienteering)

    Controls are marked with a white and orange flag in the terrain, and corresponding purple symbols on an orienteering map. The challenge is to complete the course by visiting all control points in the shortest possible time, aided only by the map and a compass. [1] An example of how control points are shown on an O map

  5. Orienteering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienteering

    Orienteering is a group of sports that involve using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain whilst moving at speed. Participants are given a topographical map , usually a specially prepared orienteering map , which they use to find control points . [ 4 ]

  6. Cardinal direction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction

    Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

  7. Points of the compass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_of_the_compass

    32-point compass rose. The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography.A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and ...

  8. Magnetic declination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_declination

    For example, if the boat is aligned to magnetic north and the compass' north mark points 3° more east, deviation is +3°. Deviation varies for every compass in the same location and depends on such factors as the magnetic field of the vessel, wristwatches, etc. The value also varies depending on the orientation of the boat.

  9. Rule of marteloio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_marteloio

    The tondo e quadro (circle and square) from Andrea Bianco's 1436 atlas. The rule of marteloio is a medieval technique of navigational computation that uses compass direction, distance and a simple trigonometric table known as the toleta de marteloio.