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Binocular neurons create depth perception through computation of relative and absolute disparity created by differences in the distance between the left and right eyes. Binocular neurons in the dorsal and ventral pathways combine to create depth perception, however, the two pathways perform differ in the type of stereo computation they perform. [7]
There are two LGNs, one on the left and another on the right side of the thalamus. In humans, both LGNs have six layers of neurons (grey matter) alternating with optic fibers (white matter). The LGN receives information directly from the ascending retinal ganglion cells via the optic tract and from the reticular activating system.
The accommodation reflex refers to the swelling of the lens of the eye that occurs when one looks at a near object (for example: when reading, the lens adjusts to near vision). [1] The eye's blind spot is a result of the absence of photoreceptors in the area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye. [1]
In addition, a synapse serves as a junction where both the transmission and processing of information occur, making it a vital means of communication between neurons. [11] At the synapse, the plasma membrane of the signal-passing neuron (the presynaptic neuron) comes into close apposition with the membrane of the target (postsynaptic) cell.
In neuroanatomy, a neural pathway is the connection formed by axons that project from neurons to make synapses onto neurons in another location, to enable neurotransmission (the sending of a signal from one region of the nervous system to another). Neurons are connected by a single axon, or by a bundle of axons known as a nerve tract, or ...
The K layer neurons in the LGN relay to large neurons called blobs in layers 2 and 3 of V1. [ 26 ] There is a direct correspondence from an angular position in the visual field of the eye, all the way through the optic tract to a nerve position in V1 up to V4, i.e. the primary visual areas.
Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system. Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan , an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brain development , known as exuberant synaptogenesis . [ 1 ]
A simulation of the ocular dominance column pattern, as might be seen if the surface of V1 were colored according to eye preference. A typical map of the relationship between ocular dominance, orientation, and cytochrome oxidase. Dark and light areas represent neurons that respond preferentially to the left and right eye.