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A neodymium magnet (also known as NdFeB, NIB or Neo magnet) is a permanent magnet made from an alloy of neodymium, iron, and boron to form the Nd 2 Fe 14 B tetragonal crystalline structure. [1] They are the most widely used type of rare-earth magnet .
Neodymium-iron-boron disc in a typical mobile phone 10-1: 0.1 m 2 ⋅A [8] Magnetic field of a typical refrigerator magnet: 0.4824 m 2 ⋅A [7] Neodymium-iron-boron (strongest grade) disc the same size as a US Penny 10 0: 1.17 m 2 ⋅A [9] Neodymium-iron-boron N35 magnet of 1 cubic centimeter in volume 1.42 m 2 ⋅A [9]
Neodymium also has 15 known metastable isotopes, with the most stable one being 139m Nd (t 1/2 = 5.5 hours), 135m Nd (t 1/2 = 5.5 minutes) and 133m1 Nd (t 1/2 ~70 seconds). The primary decay modes before the most abundant stable isotope, 142 Nd, are electron capture and positron decay , and the primary mode after is beta minus decay .
Penny-sized ferrite magnet: 10 −1 T: decitesla: 100 mT: 1 kG: Penny-sized neodymium magnet: 150 mT: 1.5 kG: Sunspot: 10 0 T tesla 1 T: 10 kG: Inside the core of a 60 Hz power transformer (1 T to 2 T as of 2001) [10] [11] or voice coil gap of a loudspeaker magnet (1 T to 2.4 T as of 2006) [12] 1.5 T to 7 T: 15 kG to 70 kG
[1] [2] During this same time period, John Croat from General Motors (GM) had independently discovered the same Nd 2 Fe 14 B compound. [3] In 1988, Sagawa founded Intermetallics, a research and development company devoted to the development of neodymium magnets. [4] [5] [6] Sagawa founded NDFEB Corporation in 2012, where he is currently president.
Magnetic alloys have become common, especially in the form of steel (iron and carbon), alnico (iron, nickel, cobalt, and aluminum), and permalloy (iron and nickel). So-called " neodymium magnets " are alloys of neodymium, iron and boron forming the crystal structure Nd 2 Fe 14 B.
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