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  2. End-of-file - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-file

    In the C standard library, the character-reading functions such as getchar return a value equal to the symbolic value (macro) EOF to indicate that an end-of-file condition has occurred. The actual value of EOF is implementation-dependent and must be negative (it is commonly −1, such as in glibc [2]).

  3. C file input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_file_input/output

    The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.

  4. Substitute character - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitute_character

    Historically, under PDP-6 monitor, [2] RT-11, VMS, and TOPS-10, [3] and in early PC CP/M 1 and 2 operating systems (and derivatives like MP/M) it was necessary to explicitly mark the end of a file (EOF) because the native filesystem could not record the exact file size by itself; files were allocated in extents (records) of a fixed size, typically leaving some allocated but unused space at the ...

  5. Here document - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here_document

    LANG = C tr a-z A-Z <<- END_TEXT Here doc with <<-A single space character (i.e. 0x20 ) is at the beginning of this line This line begins with a single TAB character i.e 0x09 as does the next line END_TEXT echo The intended end was before this line echo and these were not processed by tr echo +++++ LANG = C tr a-z A-Z << END_TEXT Here doc with ...

  6. Value (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_(computer_science)

    R-values can be l-values (see below) or non-l-values—a term only used to distinguish from l-values. Consider the C expression 4 + 9. When executed, the computer generates an integer value of 13, but because the program has not explicitly designated where in the computer this 13 is stored, the expression is a non l-value.

  7. C standard library - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_standard_library

    The C standard library, sometimes referred to as libc, [1] is the standard library for the C programming language, as specified in the ISO C standard. [2] Starting from the original ANSI C standard, it was developed at the same time as the C POSIX library, which is a superset of it. [3]

  8. Sentinel value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel_value

    The value should be selected in such a way that it is guaranteed to be distinct from all legal data values since otherwise, the presence of such values would prematurely signal the end of the data (the semipredicate problem). A sentinel value is sometimes known as an "Elephant in Cairo," due to

  9. End-of-Transmission character - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-transmission_character

    The EOT character is used in legacy communications protocols by mainframe computer manufacturers such as IBM, Burroughs Corporation, and the BUNCH.Terminal transmission control protocols such as IBM 3270 Poll/Select, or Burroughs TD830 Contention Mode protocol use the EOT character to terminate a communications sequence between two cooperating stations (such as a host multiplexer or Input ...