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Feuerbach resolves the essence of religion into the essence of man [menschliches Wesen = 'human nature']. But the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social relations. Feuerbach, who does not enter upon a criticism of this real essence is hence obliged: 1.
The concept of human nature is the belief that all human individuals share some common features. [152] In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx describes his position on human nature as a unity of naturalism and humanism. [153] Naturalism is the view that Man is part of the system of nature. [153]
Hobbes’s moral philosophy is the fundamental starting point from which his political philosophy is developed. This moral philosophy outlines a general conceptual framework on human nature which is rigorously developed in The Elements of Law, De Cive and Leviathan. [5]
Thus, human nature cannot be the underlying cause of these properties and accordingly cannot fulfill its causal explanatory role. Philosopher Grant Ramsey also rejects Machery's nomological account. For him, defining human nature with respect to only universal traits fails to capture many important human characteristics. [94]
Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance, which affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. It stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethic based on human and other natural values in the spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities.
Kant's Copernican describes the human mind as the originator of experience rather than a recipient of perception. [21] This lends to the core idea of transcendental humanism, which describes man as "a part of nature, subject to its laws", [4] and on the other hand able to not only transcend these laws, "but who is actually the author of these ...
According to Plato, Moral Character is directly linked to and understanding contributions to the overall good. Associating reason and wisdom allows for individuals to discern the true nature of what is good. Aristotle tells us that there are people who exhibit excellences – excellences of thought and excellences of character.
According to a Neo-Aristotelian view, the concept of human flourishing offers an explanation of the human good that is objective, inclusive, individualized, agent-relative, self-directed and social. It views human flourishing objectively because it is desirable and appealing. Flourishing is a state of being rather than a feeling or experience.