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From the time of Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam, many Muslim states and empires have been involved in warfare. The concept of Jihad, the religious duty to struggle, has long been associated with struggles for promoting a religion, although some observers refer to such struggle as "the lesser jihad" by comparison with inner spiritual striving.
The English-language political neologism of "War on Islam" was coined in Islamist discourse in the 1990s and popularized as a conspiracy theory only after 2001. [12] Jonathan Schanzer has argued that the historical Muslim indifference to the West turned to "alarmed dislike" with the beginning of Western military superiority in the 17th century ...
Some hold that the formal juristic definition of war in Islam constitutes an irrevocable and permanent link between the political and religious justifications for war within Islam. [20] The Quranic concept of Jihad includes aspects of both a physical and an internal struggle. [24]
The word jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an referring to both religious and spiritual struggle and to war and physical struggle, [a] often in the idiomatic expression "striving in the path of God (al-jihad fi sabil Allah)", [11] [12] conveying a sense of self-exertion. [13]: 54 In the hadiths, jihad refers predominantly to warfare.
The first military rulings were formulated during the first century after Muhammad established an Islamic state in Medina.These rulings evolved in accordance with the interpretations of the Qur'an (the Islamic Holy scriptures) and Hadith (the recorded traditions, actions (behaviors), sayings and consents of Muhammad).
This book outlines and examines what the Qur'an says about the purpose, nature, and morality of war. It is Book 14 in the MABDA English Series, published in Amman, Jordan, by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre in conjunction with the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought.
On September 17, 2001—six days after al-Qaeda's September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon—George W. Bush, then president of the United States, delivered remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington (also called the speech at the Islamic Center of Washington or "Islam Is Peace"), a speech that affirmed that the vast majority of Muslims were unassociated with, and ...
Jihad and Islam in World War I: studies on the Ottoman Jihad at the centenary of Snouck Hurgronje's "Holy war made in Germany". Debates on Islam and Society. Leiden University Press; Gaunt, David (2006). Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I.