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The fibers from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, from which a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex. A fundus photograph showing the back of the retina. The white circle is the beginning of the optic nerve. The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glia.
V 1 (ophthalmic nerve) is located in the superior orbital fissure V 2 (maxillary nerve) is located in the foramen rotundum. V 3 (mandibular nerve) is located in the foramen ovale. Receives sensation from the face, mouth and nasal cavity, and innervates the muscles of mastication. VI Abducens: Mainly motor Nuclei lying under the floor of the ...
Chart 3 is also identical to chart 1, but color is red on black. Stimulating long wavelength foveal cones, this type of chart may help in detecting color scotomas and desaturation which may occur in toxic maculopathies, toxic optic neuropathies and pituitary tumors etc. [9]
At the time it was generally thought that the point at which the optic nerve entered the eye should actually be the most sensitive portion of the retina; however, Mariotte's discovery disproved this theory. The blind spot in humans is located about 12–15° temporally and 1.5° below the horizontal and is roughly 7.5° high and 5.5° wide. [3]
The optic tract is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. [14] The optic tract represents the first stage in the visual pathway in which visual information is transferred in a homonymous nature. [ 15 ]
Optic nerve head Oph Ophthalmoscopy OS oculus sinister (left eye) OU oculus uterque (both eyes) PD Pupillary distance PERRLA Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation PH Pinhole see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHNI Pinhole No Improvement see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHVA
This model describes the accommodation of the eye geometrically. Photons of light falling on the light-sensitive cells of the retina (photoreceptor cones and rods) are converted into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve and interpreted as sight and vision.
posterior ethmoidal nerve: sphenoid-optic canal: 2: ophthalmic artery: optic nerve (II) sphenoid: middle cranial fossa: superior orbital fissure: 2: superior ophthalmic vein: oculomotor nerve (III) trochlear nerve (IV) lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V 1) abducent nerve (VI) sphenoid: middle cranial fossa ...