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Mardi Gras papier-mâché masks, Haiti. Papier-mâché (UK: / ˌ p æ p i eɪ ˈ m æ ʃ eɪ / PAP-ee-ay MASH-ay, US: / ˌ p eɪ p ər m ə ˈ ʃ eɪ / PAY-pər mə-SHAY, French: [papje mɑʃe] - the French term "mâché" here means "crushed and ground" [1]) is a versatile craft technique with roots in ancient China, in which waste paper is shredded and mixed with water and a binder to produce ...
However, the ban never was complete and the production of amate paper still continues especially in parts of Puebla and Veracruz states. [3] A kind of "proto-cartonería" was done in the early colonial period. At this time, layers of paper were affixed using animal glue to make versions of religious icons to be used in processions. [4]
Both are based on the forms and techniques used to make Judas figures and there are early works by the families of human Judas figures with animal heads and wings. [8] The Day of the Dead season is the busiest for the Linares Family, with interest in the holiday in the United States and Europe translating to even more business for the ...
Cartonnage of Nespanetjerenpere, ca. 945–718 BCE. Linen or papyrus mixed with plaster, pigment, glass, lapis lazuli, 69 11/16 in. (177 cm). Brooklyn Museum, 35.1265.. In a technique similar to papier-mâché, scraps of linen or papyrus were stuck together with plaster or resin and used to make mummy cases and masks. [3]
In addition to masks depicting humans and animals, other masks deal with the fantastic, abstract and supernatural. In the Nahua community of Zitlala , Guerrero, the mask for a ceremonial jester is red, with lizards on the cheek and sometimes the nose. [ 50 ]
Since the 1990s, there have been efforts by the government to revitalize the craft. One of these was the Jugar a las Muñecas. De las Lupes a las Robóticas project managed by artist María Eugenia Chellet from 1991 to 2008. It worked to create innovation in the dolls, creating images from mass media, the circus, harlequins, and animal/human ...
There are over a dozen t'al nori still performed today. T'al nori masks are traditionally made from gourds and paper-mache using Korean mulberry paper called hanji. They are then painted, lacquered and decorated. Most t'al are burned to exorcise any demons inhabiting the masks during and after the performance.
The painting on these figures is also more intense and varied. The first to copy the fantastic forms and bright colors was Manuel Jiménez, who carved the figures in local copal wood rather than using paper. [18] Animal figures had always been carved in the central valleys area of Oaxaca by the Zapotecs since the pre-Hispanic period.