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  2. Factorization system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_system

    A weak factorization system (E, M) for a category C consists of two classes of morphisms E and M of C such that: [1] The class E is exactly the class of morphisms having the left lifting property with respect to each morphism in M. The class M is exactly the class of morphisms having the right lifting property with respect to each morphism in E.

  3. General number field sieve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_number_field_sieve

    In number theory, the general number field sieve (GNFS) is the most efficient classical algorithm known for factoring integers larger than 10 100. Heuristically, its complexity for factoring an integer n (consisting of ⌊log 2 n ⌋ + 1 bits) is of the form

  4. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b).. In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.

  5. Doob–Dynkin lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doob–Dynkin_lemma

    In probability theory, the Doob–Dynkin lemma, named after Joseph L. Doob and Eugene Dynkin (also known as the factorization lemma), characterizes the situation when one random variable is a function of another by the inclusion of the -algebras generated by the random variables.

  6. Shor's algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shor's_algorithm

    It takes quantum gates of order ((⁡) (⁡ ⁡) (⁡ ⁡ ⁡)) using fast multiplication, [7] or even ((⁡) (⁡ ⁡)) utilizing the asymptotically fastest multiplication algorithm currently known due to Harvey and Van Der Hoven, [8] thus demonstrating that the integer factorization problem can be efficiently solved on a quantum computer and ...

  7. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_theorem_of...

    While Euclid took the first step on the way to the existence of prime factorization, Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī took the final step [8] and stated for the first time the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. [9] Article 16 of Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is an early modern statement and proof employing modular arithmetic. [1]

  8. Factorization of polynomials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_of_polynomials

    This factorization is also unique up to the choice of a sign. For example, + + + = + + + is a factorization into content and primitive part. Gauss proved that the product of two primitive polynomials is also primitive (Gauss's lemma). This implies that a primitive polynomial is irreducible over the rationals if and only if it is irreducible ...

  9. Integer factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization

    Continuing this process until every factor is prime is called prime factorization; the result is always unique up to the order of the factors by the prime factorization theorem. To factorize a small integer n using mental or pen-and-paper arithmetic, the simplest method is trial division : checking if the number is divisible by prime numbers 2 ...