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Note: This page uses common physics notation for spherical coordinates, in which is the angle between the z axis and the radius vector connecting the origin to the point in question, while is the angle between the projection of the radius vector onto the x-y plane and the x axis. Several other definitions are in use, and so care must be taken ...
This article uses the standard notation ISO 80000-2, which supersedes ISO 31-11, for spherical coordinates (other sources may reverse the definitions of θ and φ): . The polar angle is denoted by [,]: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question.
Vector fields in cylindrical and spherical coordinates – Vector field representation in 3D curvilinear coordinate systems Yaw, pitch, and roll – Principal directions in aviation Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for use with vector fields. The components of the VSH are complex-valued functions expressed in the spherical coordinate basis vectors .
In particular, the three spatial Killing vector fields have exactly the same form as the three nontranslational Killing vector fields in a spherically symmetric chart on E 3; that is, they exhibit the notion of arbitrary Euclidean rotation about the origin or spherical symmetry.
For a tensor field of order k > 1, the tensor field of order k is defined by the recursive relation = where is an arbitrary constant vector. A tensor field of order greater than one may be decomposed into a sum of outer products, and then the following identity may be used: = ().
Adams applied homotopy theory and topological K-theory [2] to prove that no more independent vector fields could be found. Hence ρ ( n ) − 1 {\displaystyle \rho (n)-1} is the exact number of pointwise linearly independent vector fields that exist on an ( n − 1 {\displaystyle n-1} )-dimensional sphere.
The divergence of a vector field extends naturally to any differentiable manifold of dimension n that has a volume form (or density) μ, e.g. a Riemannian or Lorentzian manifold. Generalising the construction of a two-form for a vector field on R 3, on such a manifold a vector field X defines an (n − 1)-form j = i X μ obtained by contracting ...