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The number of phonemes is small, so their realisation varies considerably. [13] Traditionally, the Māori phonemes /u/ and /uː/ were pronounced as back vowels. Partly due to the influence of New Zealand English, most younger speakers now realise them as central vowels, that is, . [15] [16]
With the arrival of Europeans, surnames were introduced and soon after a Māori surname system was devised where a person would take their father's name as a surname, for example:
Estimates of the number of speakers vary: the 1996 census reported 160,000, [85] while a 1995 national survey reported about 10,000 "very fluent" adult speakers. [86] As reported in the 2013 national census, only 21.3% of self-identified Māori had a conversational knowledge of the language, and only around 6.5% of those speakers, 1.4% of the ...
Māori customs, rules and values, known as tikanga, were not recognised in parliament and there was an assumption that European values and traditions were superior. The "judiciary simply denied that tikanga existed, the legislative suppressed aspects of tikanga, and together they altered the social structures of Māori in which tikanga existed ...
Social upheaval and epidemics of introduced disease took a devastating toll on the Māori population, which fell dramatically, but began to recover by the beginning of the 20th century. The March 2023 New Zealand census gives the number of people of Māori descent as 978,246 (19.6% of the total population), an increase of 12.5% since 2018. [15 ...
The number of members elected to a council through its Māori wards or constituencies is determined after determining the total number of councillors for the city or district or region, in proportion to the number of members elected to the council through its general wards and constituencies, such that: = The number of members excludes the ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Māori language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
It is also known as Māori Kūki ʻĀirani (or Maori Kuki Airani), or as Rarotongan [3] Many Cook Islanders also call it Te reo Ipukarea, which translates as "the language of the ancestral homeland". Official status