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Staghorn algae of the genus Compsopogon may exist on aquarium substrates and can be epiphytic on slow-growing plants. [2] It can form branched, whitish-green strands up to six inches in length. It grows quickly and may be a symptom of high nitrates or high iron. [13]
Swim bladder disease, also called swim bladder disorder or flipover, is a common ailment in aquarium fish. The swim bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy , and thus to stay at the current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming. [ 1 ]
When phosphates are introduced into water systems, higher concentrations cause increased growth of algae and plants. Algae tend to grow very quickly under high nutrient availability, but each alga is short-lived, and the result is a high concentration of dead organic matter which starts to decompose.
Aquarium fish are often susceptible to numerous diseases, due to the artificially limited and concentrated environment. New fish can sometimes introduce diseases to aquaria, and these can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Most fish diseases are also aggravated when the fish is stressed. Common aquarium diseases include the following:
Schematic representation of the flow of Nitrogen through a common aquarium. Ammonia poisoning is a common fish disease in new aquariums , especially when immediately stocked to full capacity. Ideally, the level of ammonia (NH 3 ) and ammonium compounds (i.e. those containing NH 4 + ) in fish tanks should be zero.
Accumulation of toxic ammonia from decomposing wastes is the largest cause of fish mortality in new, poorly maintained, or overloaded aquariums. [7] In the artificial environment of the aquarium, the nitrogen cycle effectively ends with the production of nitrates.
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Black algae are typically tolerant of high levels of pollution, acidity, and thrive on dissolved phosphate and nitrates. In natural ecosystems, the genus that infests aquariums is found in unpolluted lotic systems. Audouinella growth can be induced in planted aquariums by limiting and varying the CO 2 concentration.