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Carbon film resistors feature lower noise compared to carbon composition resistors because of the precise distribution of the pure graphite without binding. [6] Carbon film resistors feature a power rating range of 0.125 W to 5 W at 70 °C. Resistances available range from 1 ohm to 10 megaohm.
For example, a 10 ohm resistor connected in parallel with a 5 ohm resistor and a 15 ohm resistor produces 1 / 1/10 + 1/5 + 1/15 ohms of resistance, or 30 / 11 = 2.727 ohms. A resistor network that is a combination of parallel and series connections can be broken up into smaller parts that are either one or the other.
Carbon bridge is a thin spot of colloidal graphite used as the bridgewire. Some variants use a conductive pyrotechnic composition as the resistive material. In amateur rocketry, grossly overloaded low wattage metal film resistors and 0805 Surface-mount technology resistors are also used. [1]
The units of specific contact resistivity are typically therefore in ohm-square metre, or Ω⋅m 2. When the current is a linear function of the voltage, the device is said to have ohmic contacts. Inductive and capacitive methods could be used in principle to measure an intrinsic impedance without the complication of contact resistance.
Nichrome, a non-magnetic 80/20 alloy of nickel and chromium, is the most common resistance wire for heating purposes because it has a high resistivity and resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, up to 1,400 °C (2,550 °F). When used as a heating element, resistance wire is usually wound into coils.
Carbon film resistors have temperature coefficients of several hundred parts per million per kelvin. [2] Some wirewound resistors have coefficients of 10 ppm/K. Some off-the-shelf metal foil resistors can be as low as 0.2 ppm/K. [3]