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Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is an inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage.
LaPrade et al. reported, however, that a simulated grade III sMCL injury showed only 3.2 mm of increased medial compartment gapping compared to the intact state. [15] Additionally, with the knee in full extension, if valgus stress testing reveals more than 1–2 mm of medial compartment gapping present, a concomitant anterior cruciate ligament ...
Osteoarthritis is very common, affects the joints exposed to high stress and is therefore considered the result of "wear and tear" rather than a true disease. It is treated by Arthroplasty , the replacement of the joint by a synthetic joint made of titanium and teflon.
grade 1: the cartilage has a soft spot, blisters, or superficial wear; grade 2: minor tears of less than one-half the thickness of the cartilage layer; grade 3: lesions have deep crevices of more than one-half the thickness of the cartilage layer; grade 4: the cartilage tear is full thickness and exposes the underlying (subchondral) bone
Chondromalacia patellae is a term sometimes used synonymously with PFPS. [7] However, there is general consensus that PFPS applies only to individuals without cartilage damage, [ 7 ] thereby distinguishing it from chondromalacia patellae, a condition with softening of the patellar articular cartilage. [ 3 ]
The most common location of plica tissue is along the medial (inside) side of the knee. The plica can tether the patella to the femur, be located between the femur and patella, or be located along the femoral condyle. If the plica tethers the patella to the femoral condyle, the symptoms may cause it to be mistaken for chondromalacia.
The medial condyle is larger than the lateral (outer) condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the centre of mass being medial to the knee. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera (a ridge with two lips: medial and lateral; running down the posterior shaft of the femur) turns into the medial and lateral supracondylar ridges ...
High tibial osteotomy is an orthopaedic surgical procedure which aims to correct a varus deformation with compartmental osteoarthritis.Since the inception of the procedure, advancements to technique, fixation devices, and a better understanding of patient selection has allowed HTO to become more popular in younger, more active patients hoping to combat arthritis. [1]