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The basic unit of measurements in American typography was the pica, [12] [27] [28] usually approximated as one sixth of an inch, but the exact size was not standardized, and various type foundries had been using their own. [12]
The traditional typographic units are based either on non-metric units, or on odd multiples (such as 35 ⁄ 83) of a metric unit.There are no specifically metric units for this particular purpose, although there is a DIN standard sometimes used in German publishing, which measures type sizes in multiples of 0.25 mm, and proponents of the metrication of typography generally recommend the use of ...
Therefore, this unit is the same for all typefaces at a given point size. [1] The em space is one em wide. Typographic measurements using this unit are frequently expressed in decimal notation (e.g., 0.7 em) or as fractions of 100 or 1000 (e.g., 70 ⁄ 100 em or 700 ⁄ 1000 em). The number of pixels per em varies depending on system.
The letters would change size according to the font type, typographic unit and dimension used. Metric typographic units have been devised and proposed several times to overcome the various traditional point systems. After the French Revolution of 1789 one popular proponent of a switch to metric was Didot, who had been able to standardise the ...
The pica is a typographic unit of measure corresponding to approximately 1 ⁄ 6 of an inch, or from 1 ⁄ 68 to 1 ⁄ 73 of a foot. One pica is further divided into 12 points. In printing, three pica measures are used: The French pica of 12 Didot points (also called cicero) generally is: 12 × 0.376 = 4.512 mm (0.1776 in).
For example, "agate" and "ruby" used to be a single size "agate ruby" of about 5 points; [2] metal type known as "agate" later ranged from 5 to 5.8 points. The sizes were gradually standardized as described above. [3] Modern Chinese typography uses the following names in general preference to stating the number of points.
In typography, the body height or point size refers to the height of the space in which a glyph is defined. The metal sort: b is the body or shank, c is the body height or font size. Originally, in metal typesetting, the body height or the font (or point) size was defined by the height of the lead cuboid on which the actual font face is moulded.
An agate or ruby is a unit of typographical measure. It is 5.5 typographical points, or about 1 ⁄ 13 inch (1.94 mm). It can refer either to the height of a line of type or to a font that is 5.5 points.