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A dermatomycosis is a skin disease caused by a fungus. [1] The most frequent form is dermatophytosis (ringworm, tinea). Another example is cutaneous candidiasis. These fungal infections impair superficial layers of the skin, hair and nails.
Dermatophytosis, also known as tinea and ringworm, is a fungal infection of the skin [2] (a dermatomycosis), that may affect skin, hair, and nails. [1] Typically it results in a red, itchy, scaly, circular rash. [1]
Tinea versicolor (also known as dermatomycosis furfuracea, pityriasis versicolor, and tinea flava) [2] is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities, hypopigmentation macule in area of sun induced pigmentation. During the winter the pigment becomes reddish brown.
Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [5] [13] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic.
Children from ages 3–7 are most commonly infected with tinea capitis. [3] Trichophyton tonsurans is the most common cause of out breaks of tinea capitis in children, and is the main cause of endothrix (inside hair) infections. Trichophyton rubrum is also a very common cause of favus, a form of tinea capitis in which crusts are seen on the scalp.
The clinical presentation is typically single or multiple patches of hair loss, sometimes with a 'black dot' pattern (often with broken-off hairs), that may be accompanied by inflammation, scaling, pustules, and itching. Uncommon in adults, tinea capitis is predominantly seen in pre-pubertal children, more often boys than girls.
Microsporum canis has been identified as a causal agent of a ringworm infection in pets, tinea capitis and tinea corporis in humans, children in particular. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 5 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Microsporum canis is among the most common dermatophytes associated with tinea capitis and tinea corporis.
[5] [6] [7] The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a squamous epithelium with several strata: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. [8] Nourishment is provided to these layers by diffusion from the dermis since the epidermis is without direct blood supply.