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Four-dimensional space (4D) is the mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional space (3D). Three-dimensional space is the simplest possible abstraction of the observation that one needs only three numbers, called dimensions, to describe the sizes or locations of objects in the everyday world.
A 4-polytope is a closed four-dimensional figure. It comprises vertices (corner points), edges, faces and cells. A cell is the three-dimensional analogue of a face, and is therefore a polyhedron. Each face must join exactly two cells, analogous to the way in which each edge of a polyhedron joins just two faces.
The convex regular 4-polytopes were first described by the Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli in the mid-19th century. [1] He discovered that there are precisely six such figures. Schläfli also found four of the regular star 4-polytopes: the grand 120-cell, great stellated 120-cell, grand 600-cell, and great grand stellated 120-cell.
Edge, a 1-dimensional element; Face, a 2-dimensional element; Cell, a 3-dimensional element; Hypercell or Teron, a 4-dimensional element; Facet, an (n-1)-dimensional element; Ridge, an (n-2)-dimensional element; Peak, an (n-3)-dimensional element; For example, in a polyhedron (3-dimensional polytope), a face is a facet, an edge is a ridge, and ...
A unit tesseract has side length 1, and is typically taken as the basic unit for hypervolume in 4-dimensional space. The unit tesseract in a Cartesian coordinate system for 4-dimensional space has two opposite vertices at coordinates [0, 0, 0, 0] and [1, 1, 1, 1], and other vertices with coordinates at all possible combinations of 0 s and 1 s.
A vertex figure (of a 4-polytope) is a polyhedron, seen by the arrangement of neighboring vertices around a given vertex. For regular 4-polytopes, this vertex figure is a regular polyhedron. An edge figure is a polygon, seen by the arrangement of faces around an edge. For regular 4-polytopes, this edge figure will always be a regular polygon.
In geometry, the 5-cell is the convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,3,3}. It is a 5-vertex four-dimensional object bounded by five tetrahedral cells. It is also known as a C 5, hypertetrahedron, pentachoron, [1] pentatope, pentahedroid, [2] tetrahedral pyramid, or 4-simplex (Coxeter's polytope), [3] the simplest possible convex 4-polytope, and is analogous to the tetrahedron in three ...
Vertex figure; Peak – (n−3)-face; Ridge – (n−2)-face; ... Four-dimensional space. 4-polytope – general term for a four dimensional polytope Regular 4-polytope.