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Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax among others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines. [15] Alprazolam is most commonly prescribed in the management of anxiety disorders , especially panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). [ 9 ]
A study into the effects of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil, on benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms persisting after withdrawal was carried out by Lader and Morton. Study subjects had been benzodiazepine-free for between one month and five years, but all reported persisting withdrawal effects to varying degrees.
The prosuicidal effects of benzodiazepines are suspected to be due to a psychiatric disturbance caused by side effects or withdrawal symptoms. [11] Because benzodiazepines in general may be associated with increased suicide risk, care should be taken when prescribing, especially to at-risk patients.
Rare but serious side effects include rash, itching, yellowing of the skin, swelling of the face and throat, problems speaking, difficulty swallowing and changes in memory, personality or ability ...
The most common side-effects of benzodiazepines are related to their sedating and muscle-relaxing action. They include drowsiness , dizziness, and decreased alertness and concentration. Lack of coordination may result in falls and injuries particularly in the elderly.
Tofisopam [3] (Emandaxin, Grandaxin, Sériel) is an anxiolytic that is marketed in several European countries. [4] Chemically, it is a 2,3-benzodiazepine. Unlike other anxiolytic benzodiazepines (which are generally 1,4- or 1,5-substituted) however, tofisopam does not have anticonvulsant, sedative, [5] skeletal muscle relaxant, motor skill-impairing or amnestic [6] properties.
benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and alprazolam (Xanax) (see benzodiazepine dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome) nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics such as zopiclone and zolpidem. [12] gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and 1,4-butanediol [13] carisoprodol (Soma) and related carbamates (tybamate and meprobamate)
Use of short-acting benzodiazepines leads to repeated withdrawal effects that are alleviated by the next dose, which reinforce in the individual the dependence. [11] A physical dependence develops more quickly with higher potency benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax) than with lower potency benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide (Librium ...