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  2. Geometric Brownian motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_Brownian_motion

    Geometric Brownian motion is used to model stock prices in the Black–Scholes model and is the most widely used model of stock price behavior. Some of the arguments for using GBM to model stock prices are: The expected returns of GBM are independent of the value of the process (stock price), which agrees with what we would expect in reality.

  3. Black–Scholes model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black–Scholes_model

    Random walk: The instantaneous log return of the stock price is an infinitesimal random walk with drift; more precisely, the stock price follows a geometric Brownian motion, and it is assumed that the drift and volatility of the motion are constant. If drift and volatility are time-varying, a suitably modified Black–Scholes formula can be ...

  4. Stock valuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_valuation

    Stock valuation is the method of calculating theoretical values of companies and their stocks.The main use of these methods is to predict future market prices, or more generally, potential market prices, and thus to profit from price movement – stocks that are judged undervalued (with respect to their theoretical value) are bought, while stocks that are judged overvalued are sold, in the ...

  5. Brownian model of financial markets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian_model_of...

    The Brownian motion models for financial markets are based on the work of Robert C. Merton and Paul A. Samuelson, as extensions to the one-period market models of Harold Markowitz and William F. Sharpe, and are concerned with defining the concepts of financial assets and markets, portfolios, gains and wealth in terms of continuous-time ...

  6. Risk-neutral measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-neutral_measure

    Risk-neutral measure. In mathematical finance, a risk-neutral measure (also called an equilibrium measure, or equivalent martingale measure) is a probability measure such that each share price is exactly equal to the discounted expectation of the share price under this measure. This is heavily used in the pricing of financial derivatives due to ...

  7. List of price index formulas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_price_index_formulas

    This is the formula that was used for the old Financial Times stock market index (the predecessor of the FTSE 100 Index). It was inadequate for that purpose. In particular, if the price of any of the constituents were to fall to zero, the whole index would fall to zero.

  8. Market capitalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization

    Market cap is given by the formula =, where MC is the market capitalization, N is the number of common shares outstanding, and P is the market price per common share. [7] For example, if a company has 4 million common shares outstanding and the closing price per share is $20, its market capitalization is then $80 million.

  9. Stock market prediction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_market_prediction

    Stock market prediction. Stock market prediction is the act of trying to determine the future value of a company stock or other financial instrument traded on an exchange. The successful prediction of a stock's future price could yield significant profit. The efficient market hypothesis suggests that stock prices reflect all currently available ...