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Interventions in population health "shift the distribution of health risk by addressing the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions" [7] and are implemented through "programs or policies designed and developed in the health sector, but they are more likely to be in sectors elsewhere, such as education, housing or employment". [7]
Primordial prevention refers to all measures designed to prevent the development of risk factors in the first place, early in life, [16] [17] and even preconception, as Ruth A. Etzel has described it "all population-level actions and measures that inhibit the emergence and establishment of adverse environmental, economic, and social conditions".
The Population Council provides programs all over the world that aim to address the prevention and treatment of the HI virus. These programs help to develop new technologies and distribute them to marginalized populations, and also educate people about HIV through workshops and mentorship services.
[15]: 1 Preventive medicine specialists are trained as clinicians and address complex health needs of a population such as by assessing the need for disease prevention programs, using the best methods to implement them, and assessing their effectiveness. [15]: 1, 3
Common types of interventions include screening programs, [1] vaccination, [2] food and water supplementation, and health promotion. Common issues that are the subject of public health interventions include obesity, [3] drug, tobacco, and alcohol use, [4] and the spread of infectious disease, e.g. HIV. [5]
Community-based health promotion emphasizes Primary Prevention and population-based perspective (traditional prevention). [14] It is the goal of Community Health to have individuals in a certain community improve their lifestyle or seek medical attention.
Population health has been defined as "the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group". [1] It is an approach to health that aims to improve the health of an entire human population.
Studies of measles in the pre-vaccination era led to the concept of the critical community size, the minimal size of the population below which a pathogen ceases to circulate. [3] The use of vaccination programs before the introduction of an eradication campaign can reduce the susceptible population.