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Thymoglobulin and Atgam are currently licensed for use in the treatment of renal allograft rejection; Atgam is additionally licensed for use in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Both drugs are used in off-label applications, especially as immunosuppression induction agents before and/or during kidney transplantation.
Transplant recipients must take immunosuppressive anti-rejection drugs for as long as the transplanted kidney functions. The routine immunosuppressives are tacrolimus ( Prograf ), mycophenolate ( Cellcept ), and prednisolone ; these drugs cost US$1,500 per month. [ 99 ]
Muromonab-CD3 (brand name Orthoclone OKT3, marketed by Janssen-Cilag) is an immunosuppressant medication given to reduce acute rejection in people with organ transplants. [1] [2] It is a monoclonal antibody targeted at the CD3 receptor, [3] a membrane protein on the surface of T cells.
Thymoglobulin (manufactured by Sanofi) is an anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin preparation made of purified polyclonal antibodies derived from rabbits.While these antibodies have a variety of specificities, their main mechanism of immunosuppression is through depletion of T cells.
Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent rejection following organ transplantation and to treat autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease and lupus. [12] [13] Specifically it is used following kidney, heart, and liver transplantation. [13] It can be given by mouth or by injection into a vein. [13]
At 5 years post-transplant, 80% of lung transplants, 60% of heart transplants and 50% of kidney transplants are affected, while liver transplants are only affected 10% of the time. [20] Therefore, chronic rejection explains long-term morbidity in most lung-transplant recipients, [ 23 ] [ 24 ] the median survival roughly 4.7 years, about half ...
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