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Calvinism gained some popularity in Scandinavia, especially Sweden, but was rejected in favor of Lutheranism after the Synod of Uppsala in 1593. [ 29 ] Many 17th century European settlers in the Thirteen Colonies in British America were Calvinists, who emigrated because of arguments over church structure, including the Pilgrim Fathers .
During the Reformation, Calvinism was the primary Protestant faith in Belgium but was eradicated in favor of the Counter-Reformation. Germany remained predominantly Lutheran during the 16th century, but Reformed worship was promoted intermittently by rulers in Electoral Palatinate, Margraviate of Brandenburg, and other German states. Reformed ...
Largely because of its origins in Germany and Scandinavia rather than the British Isles or Holland, Lutheranism was distanced from the dispute, and official Lutheran doctrine does not fully align with either side, preferring instead its own doctrinal formulations about the relation of human freedom to divine sovereignty.
Calvinism Lutheranism Arminianism; Human will: Total depravity: [2] Humanity possesses "free will", [3] but it is in bondage to sin, [4] until it is "transformed". [5] Total depravity: [2] [6] [7] Humanity possesses free will in regard to "goods and possessions", but is sinful by nature and unable to contribute to its own salvation. [8] [9] [10]
Lutheran churches in North America, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean regions are experiencing decreases and no growth in membership, while those in Africa and Asia continue to grow. Lutheranism is the largest religious group in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Namibia, Norway, Sweden, and North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States.
Lutheranism as a religious movement originated in the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.The movement originated with the call for a public debate regarding several issues within the Catholic Church by Martin Luther, then a professor of Bible at the young University of Wittenberg.
Broadly speaking Protestantism has four streams: Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, and Anglicanism. While all of these Christian groups from the Church of the East on, have their own subsequent splits, the fragmentation in Protestantism has been extreme, with tens of thousands of denominations.
Calvinism Lutheranism Arminianism; Human will: Total depravity: [18] Humanity possesses "free will", [19] but it is in bondage to sin, [20] until it is "transformed". [21] Total depravity: [18] [22] [23] Humanity possesses free will in regard to "goods and possessions", but is sinful by nature and unable to contribute to its own salvation. [24 ...