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Urinary tract infection*, specifically cystitis or bladder infection, is common in dogs and usually caused by bacteria. Signs include blood in the urine ( hematuria ), difficulty urinating ( dysuria ), and frequent urination ( polyuria ). [ 158 ]
Bacterial infections contribute to their formation by increasing the pH of the urine through the urease enzyme in dogs. More than 90 percent of dogs with struvite stones have an associated urease-producing bacterial infection in the urinary tract, but in cats struvite stones usually form in sterile urine. [7]
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects a part of the urinary tract. [1] Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [10]
The liver hairworm Capillaria hepatica is found primarily in rodents and lagomorphs; infections of dogs are rare. Infection occurs by eating the liver of a rodent. Clinically, symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and hepatomegalia occur as the larvae migrate through the liver and lay eggs. A definite diagnosis can only be made by liver biopsy ...
Staphylococcus warneri has been suggested as a cause of spontaneous abortion in cattle and humans. [2] It has been associated with vertebral discitis, [3] urinary tract infection, [4] meningitis, [5] orthopedic infections/osteomyelitis, [6] [7] ventricular shunt infections, [8] and infective endocarditis (more associated with prosthetic rather than native valves).
Emphysematous cystitis is a rare type of infection of the bladder wall by gas-forming bacteria or fungi.The most frequent offending organism is E. coli.Other gram negative bacteria, including Klebsiella and Proteus are also commonly isolated.
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