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The critical element of gender dysphoria is the presence of clinically significant distress associated with the condition." [1] Individuals with gender dysphoria may or may not regard their own cross-gender feelings and behaviors as a disorder. Advantages and disadvantages exist to classifying gender dysphoria as a disorder. [3]
The United States has seen increasing social trends since the early 21st century that allow for less rigid expression of one's own gender identity, and gender-nonconforming people may express a range of masculine and feminine traits. The term transgender has become more common in part to reflect such diversity of gender expression. [2]
Blanchard said that one of his two types of gender dysphoria/transsexualism manifests itself in individuals who are almost if not exclusively attracted to men, whom he referred to as homosexual transsexuals. [60] Blanchard uses the term "homosexual" relative to the person's sex assigned at birth, not their current gender identity. [13]
The Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People (SOC) is an international clinical protocol by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) outlining the recommended assessment and treatment for transgender and gender-diverse individuals across the lifespan including social, hormonal, or surgical transition. [1]
Contemporary views on gender identity and classification differ markedly from Harry Benjamin's original opinions. [8] Sexual orientation is no longer regarded a criterion for diagnosis, or for distinction between transsexuality, transvestism and other forms of gender variant behavior and expression.
In 1979, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association was formed, using Benjamin's name by permission. The group consists of therapists and psychologists who devised a set of Standards of Care (SOC) for the treatment of gender dysphoria, largely based on Benjamin's cases, and studies. [ 26 ]
Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment is a book on gender dysphoria which was edited by sexologists Richard Green and John Money and was published by Johns Hopkins University Press in 1969. [1] It was the first medical textbook to be published on transgender people.
Gender-affirmative practices emphasize gender health. Gender health is an individual's ability to identify as and express the gender(s) that feels most comfortable without the fear of rejection. [49] Gender-affirmative practices are informed by the following premises: [49] gender variance is not a psychological disorder or mental illness