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Map of the Caribbean Sea with possible itineraries of Columbus' voyages.. The Columbus Copy Book consists of 38 folios, measuring 230 x 330 mm and written on both sides. [8] It contains the transcriptions of nine documents apparently written by Christopher Columbus between 1493 and 1503 and all addressed to the King and Queen of Spain: one 'letter-relation' about Columbus' First Voyage to the ...
In 1499, Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated in a voyage to the western world with Columbus's associates Alonso de Ojeda and Juan de la Cosa. [178] Columbus referred to the West Indies as the Indias Occidentales ('West Indies') in his 1502 Book of Privileges, calling them "unknown to all the world". He gathered information later that ...
Historians have noted Irving's "active imagination" [3] and called some aspects of his work "fanciful and sentimental". [1] Literary critics have noted that Irving "saw American history as a useful means of establishing patriotism in his readers, and while his language tended to be more general, his avowed intention toward Columbus was thoroughly nationalist". [4]
Christopher Columbus [b] (/ k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s /; [2] between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian [3] [c] explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa [3] [4] who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
The new royal prosecutor attempted to demonstrate that the discovery of the West Indies had principally been achieved thanks to Martín Alonso Pinzón, not Columbus. He called as witnesses surviving members of the crew of the first voyage to America. [7] Two verdicts were given: in Dueñas (1534) and in Madrid (1535), but both were appealed. [5]
Christopher Columbus's journal (Diario) is a diary and logbook written by Christopher Columbus about his first voyage. The journal covers events from 3 August 1492, when Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera , to 15 March 1493 and includes a prologue addressing the sovereigns . [ 1 ]
Niño guided Columbus and navigated the Atlantic Ocean as he piloted the Santa María during Christopher Columbus's expedition of 1492, [5] and accompanied him during his third voyage that saw the discovery of Trinidad and the mouths of the Orinoco River. After returning to Spain, Niño made preparations to explore the Indies independently ...
Other members of the Arana family were also associated with Columbus. On his first voyage in 1492, Diego de Arana, a cousin to Beatriz, served Columbus as chief marshal of the fleet, responsible for maintaining order among the sailors. Pedro de Arana, brother to Beatriz, was captain of one of the ships during Columbus's third voyage. [13] [14]