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  2. Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiomorphy_and_symplesio...

    In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades. Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy, all mean a trait shared between species because they share an ancestral species. [a]

  3. List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin_and_Greek...

    Latin/Greek Language English Example Search for titles containing the word or using the prefix: acanthus etc.: G ἄκανθος (ákanthos): thorny, spiny: Acanthus plant; Parorchis acanthus, a flatworm

  4. Phenotypic trait - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotypic_trait

    Eye color is an example of a (physical) phenotypic trait. A phenotypic trait, [1] [2] simply trait, or character state [3] [4] is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two. [5]

  5. Euler characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_characteristic

    Its Euler characteristic is 0, by the product property. More generally, any compact parallelizable manifold, including any compact Lie group, has Euler characteristic 0. [12] The Euler characteristic of any closed odd-dimensional manifold is also 0. [13] The case for orientable examples is a corollary of Poincaré duality.

  6. Ethos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethos

    A sculpture representing Ethos outside the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly in Canberra, Australia. Ethos (/ ˈ iː θ ɒ s / or US: / ˈ iː θ oʊ s /) is a Greek word meaning 'character' that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology; and the balance between caution and passion. [1]

  7. Characterization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characterization

    The way a character speaks can be a powerful way of revealing the character's personality. In theory, a reader should be able to identify which character is speaking simply from the way they talk. [11] When a character voice has been created that is rich and distinctive, the writer can get away with omitting many speech attributions (tag lines ...

  8. Metonymy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy

    The reason is that monarchs by and large indeed wear a crown, physically. In other words, there is a pre-existent link between "crown" and "monarchy". On the other hand, when Ghil'ad Zuckermann argues that the Israeli language is a "phoenicuckoo cross with some magpie characteristics", he is using metaphors.

  9. Characteristic class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_class

    In other words, a characteristic class associates to each principal G-bundle in () an element c(P) in H*(X) such that, if f : Y → X is a continuous map, then c(f*P) = f*c(P). On the left is the class of the pullback of P to Y ; on the right is the image of the class of P under the induced map in cohomology.