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The Mughal Empire's economic prowess and sophisticated infrastructure played a pivotal role in shaping South Asia's history. While the Mughal Empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, [1] the Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. [2]
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.
That longevity was made possible by the empire’s vast wealth and stable, diverse economy. ... Fortune estimates the Mughal Dynasty generated one-quarter of the world’s economic output at the ...
The subsequent sack of Delhi, which ended on 22 February, yielded immense wealth, with estimates ranging from 30 million to as high as 300 million rupees worth of goods. It marked a significant blow to the already weakened Mughal Empire; months later, the Bengal Subah was subjugated by the British in the Battle of Plassey.
The Indian historian Abraham Eraly wrote that foreigners were often impressed by the fabulous wealth of the Mughal court, but the glittering court hid darker realities, namely that about a quarter of the empire's gross national product was owned by 655 families while the bulk of India's 120 million people lived in appalling poverty. [14]
Maddison's estimates of global GDP, [6] China and India being the most powerful until the 18th century. Bengal Subah was valued 50% of Mughal India's GDP.. 1500–1600 Indian subcontinent, mostly under the Mughal Empire (after the conquest of the Delhi Sultanate and Bengal Sultanate) became economically 10 times more powerful than the contemporary Kingdom of France, [7] contained an estimated ...
Mughal currency was coinage produced and used within the Mughal empire. Despite India having significant gold reserves, the Mughal coins were produced primarily from imported bullion , as a result of the empire's strong export-driven economy, with global demand for Indian agricultural and industrial products drawing a steady stream of precious ...
Their treasure haul amounted to a considerable reduction in Mughal wealth and an irreplaceable loss of cultural artefacts. Among the known precious stones that Nadir Shah looted were the Akbar Shah, Great Mughal, Great Table, Koh-i-Noor, and Shah diamonds, as well as the Samarian spinel and the Timur ruby. These stones were either part of the ...