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Mary I, Elizabeth's half-sister, became queen in 1553. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. Under Mary's rule, England returned to the Catholic Church and recognised the pope's authority. Mary died in November 1558 without a Catholic heir, leaving the throne to the Protestant Elizabeth. [11]
In 1558, Queen Mary died, and her half-sister, Elizabeth became Queen of England. Elizabeth had been raised as a Protestant in the household of Catherine Parr. During the first year of Elizabeth's reign many of the Marian exiles returned to England. A compromise religious position was established in 1559.
Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) [b] was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.
This was only temporary. The new Queen was Protestant, though a conservative one. [262] She also filled her new government with Protestants. The Queen's principal secretary was Sir William Cecil, a moderate Protestant. [263] Her Privy Council was filled with former Edwardian politicians, and only Protestants preached at Court. [264] [265]
Elizabeth I had ascended the throne at the age of 25 upon the death of her half-sister, Mary I, on 17 November 1558. Mary had reversed the Protestant Reformation which had been started by her two predecessors, so this was the last coronation in Great Britain to be conducted under the authority of the Catholic Church.
Mary dies and her half-sister Elizabeth I accedes. Philip's English title lapses with the death of his wife. 1559, 15 January Elizabeth is crowned. Because of her Protestant views, only the low-ranking Bishop of Carlisle is willing to officiate The last Catholic coronation of a British monarch: 1558-59
The 1559 prayer book and its use throughout Elizabeth's 45-year reign secured the Book of Common Prayer ' s prominence in the Church of England and is considered by many historians as embodying the Elizabethan church's drive for a via media between Protestant and Catholic impulses and cementing the church's particular strain of Protestantism.
The Forty-two Articles were the official doctrinal statement of the Church of England for a brief period in 1553. Written by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer and published by King Edward VI's privy council along with a requirement for clergy to subscribe to it, it represented the height of official church reformation prior to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.