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The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations for gestational weight gain are based on body mass index (BMI) of women prior to pregnancy. However, early first trimester BMI appears to be a valid proxy for pre-conception BMI. [2]
The enlarging uterus, growing fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, normal increase in body fat, and increase in water retention all contribute weight gain during pregnancy. The amount of weight gain can vary from 5 pounds (2.3 kg) to over 100 pounds (45 kg). In the United States, the range of weight gain that doctors generally recommend is 25 ...
Final weight gain takes place during the third trimester; this is the most weight gain throughout the pregnancy. The woman's abdomen will transform in shape as the fetus turns in a downward position ready for birth. The woman's navel will sometimes become convex, "popping" out, due to the expanding abdomen. The uterus, the muscular organ that ...
Pregnancy is a time when weight gain is absolutely essential for health. Pregnant people should generally gain around 25 to 35 pounds during their pregnancy, though it is highly individual based ...
Leg cramps are a common pregnancy issue, especially in later trimesters, caused by factors like weight gain, changes in circulation, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and postural shifts. [20] These factors increase strain on leg muscles, often leading to painful, involuntary contractions.Leg cramps typically last only for a few seconds ...
Menopause brings with it many side effects that can be tricky to navigate. One that many women experience is weight gain. Typically, women in menopause gain about one pound a year, however, 20% of ...
Fertilization was not understood in antiquity. Hippocrates believed that the embryo was the product of male semen and a female factor. But Aristotle held that only male semen gave rise to an embryo, while the female only provided a place for the embryo to develop, [5] a concept he acquired from the preformationist Pythagoras.
Of course, there are probably other essential hormonal interactions that are interrupted, too, but that area is another scientific black hole, and progress has been slow due to a lack of research ...