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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. [1] It is also used as a medication and diagnostic agent .
The synthesis of adrenocortical steroid hormones involves a chain of oxidation-reduction reactions catalyzed by a series of enzymes. Synthesis begins with a molecule of cholesterol . Through shared intermediates and pathways branching off those shared intermediates, the different classes of steroids are synthesized.
The secretion of aldosterone is also stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). [8] The cells of the zona glomerulosa do not express 11β-hydroxylase and 17α-hydroxylase. This is the reason zona glomerulosa cannot synthesize cortisol, corticosterone or sex hormones . [9]
Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids. Adrenocorticotropic hormone release is triggered by corticotropin-releasing hormone and inhibited by rising glucocorticoid levels. The gonadotropins—follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone regulate the functions of the gonads in both sexes.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone is used as a medication and as diagnostic agent in the ACTH stimulation test. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 316, 1165 [ 3 ] : 84, 271 The form that is purified from pig pituitary glands is known as corticotropin [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 316 is a medication and naturally occurring polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior ...
The adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor or ACTH receptor also known as the melanocortin receptor 2 or MC 2 receptor is a type of melanocortin receptor (type 2) which is specific for ACTH. [5] A G protein–coupled receptor located on the external cell plasma membrane, it is coupled to G αs and upregulates levels of cAMP by activating adenylyl ...
Glucocorticoid production is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) [1], which is released from the anterior pituitary, especially in times of stress as part of the fight-or-flight response. The zona fasciculata also generates a small amount of weak androgens (e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone).
The resulting excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion led to the production of large amounts of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Considering this impact, the name of Itsenko was added to the title in some East European and Asian countries, and the disease is called Itsenko-Kushing disease. [citation needed]