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Triton's atmosphere supports clouds of nitrogen ice crystals and a layer of organic atmospheric haze. Triton was the first Neptunian moon to be discovered, on October 10, 1846, by English astronomer William Lassell. The 1989 flyby of Triton by the Voyager 2 spacecraft remains the only up-close visit to the moon as of 2025.
Lunar materials could facilitate continued exploration of the Moon, facilitate scientific and economic activity in the vicinity of both Earth and Moon (so-called cislunar space), or they could be imported to the Earth's surface where they would contribute directly to the global economy. [1]
be re-implanted into the regolith as a result of the Moon's gravity; escape the Moon entirely if the particle is moving at or above the lunar escape velocity of 2.38 km/s (1.48 mi/s), or 5,328 mph (8,575 km/h); be lost to space either by solar radiation pressure or, if the gases are ionized, by being swept away in the solar wind's magnetic field.
First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon. Touchdown on 3 February 1966 at 18:45:30 UTC. [38] Returned data until 6 February at 22:55 UTC. [39] With its soft landing, the Soviet Union became the first country to successfully land on the lunar surface. 38: Kosmos 111 (E-6S No.204) Kosmos 111: 1 March 1966: Molniya-M: Lavochkin: Orbiter ...
Europa was discovered independently by Simon Marius and Galileo Galilei [2] and was named (by Marius) after Europa, the Phoenician mother of King Minos of Crete and lover of Zeus (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter). Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is made of silicate rock and has a water-ice crust [16] and probably an ...
In 2008, NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper equipment on India's Chandrayaan-1 discovered, for the first time, water-rich minerals (shown in blue around a small crater from which they were ejected). The 2008 Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper.
When cosmic rays enter the Earth's atmosphere, they collide with atoms and molecules, mainly oxygen and nitrogen. The interaction produces a cascade of lighter particles, a so-called air shower secondary radiation that rains down, including x-rays , protons, alpha particles, pions, muons, electrons, neutrinos, and neutrons . [ 68 ]
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.