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If severe disease is present two to three weeks after silking in field corn, grain yields may be reduced by 40 to 70 percent. In the U.S. Corn Belt and Ontario, NCLB has recently become a significant disease, [5] causing estimated yield losses of an alarming 74.5 million bushels of grain in 2012 and 132.3 million bushels of grain in 2013. [13]
Helminthosporium leaf disease, ear and stalk rot Setosphaeria rostrata = Helminthosporium rostratum: Rust, common corn Puccinia sorghi: Rust, southern corn Puccinia polysora: Rust, tropical corn Physopella pallescens. Physopella zeae = Angiopsora zeae. Sclerotium ear rot Southern blight Athelia rolfsii: Seed rot-seedling blight Athelia rolfsii
If corn plants are infected with MDMV, ear formation and development are slowed leading to grain yield loss. [4] The damage from MDMV can cause the halting of ear formation and development, ultimately leading to the production of barren ears and direct yield loss. [5] There can be losses of up to 42% on early-planted field corn. [6]
Race T is infectious to corn plants with the Texas male sterile cytoplasm (cms-T maize) and this vulnerability was the cause of the United States SCLB epidemic of 1969-1970 [2] For this reason, Race T is of particular interest. While SCLB thrives in warm, damp climates, the disease can be found in many of the world's maize-growing areas. [3]
Corn grey leaf spot can be an extremely devastating disease as potential yield losses range from 5 to 40 US bushels per acre (440 to 3,480 L/ha). At higher disease levels, even greater losses can result. When a corn plant's ability to store and produce carbohydrates (glucose) in the grain is diminished, yield losses take place.
Stewart's wilt is a bacterial disease of corn caused by the bacterium Pantoea stewartii. The disease is also known as bacterial wilt or bacterial leaf blight and has been shown to be quite problematic in sweet corn. [1] [2] The causal organism is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. [3]
[2] Corn anthracnose leaf blight is the most common stalk disease in maize and occurs most frequently in reduced-till or no-till fields. [3] Anthracnose stalk rot. Symptoms can vary depending on which part of the growing season the corn is in. [4] Early in the growing season, the main symptom is foliar leaf blight.
Corn smut is a plant disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Mycosarcoma maydis, synonym Ustilago maydis. One of several cereal crop pathogens called smut , the fungus forms galls on all above-ground parts of corn species such as maize and teosinte .
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