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Cephalic disorders (from Greek κεφαλή 'head') are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system.. Cephalic disorders are not necessarily caused by a single factor, but may be influenced by hereditary or genetic conditions, nutritional deficiencies, or by environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as medication taken by the ...
Otocephaly, also known as agnathia–otocephaly complex, is a very rare and lethal cephalic disorder characterized by the absence of the mandible , with the ears fused together just below the chin (synotia).
a normal cephalic index (maximum cranium width / maximum cranium length) however, there is bitemporal shortening and biparietal broadening; The neuropsychological development is not always affected. These effects are only visible in a small percentage of children with trigonocephaly or other suture synostoses. Neuropsychological signs are:
The spread of Aedes mosquito-borne Zika virus has been implicated in increasing levels of congenital microcephaly by the International Society for Infectious Diseases and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [47] Zika can spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. This can result in other severe brain malformations and birth defects.
Scaphocephaly or sagittal craniosynostosis is a type of cephalic disorder which occurs when there is a premature fusion of the sagittal suture. Premature closure results in limited lateral expansion of the skull, resulting in a characteristic long, narrow head. [1] The skull base is typically spared. [2]
The usual causes of a cephalohematoma are a prolonged second stage of labor or instrumental delivery, including ventouse (vacuum) or forceps delivery. Vitamin C deficiency has been reported to possibly be associated with development of cephalhematomas. [citation needed]
Macrocephaly is a condition in which circumference of the human head is abnormally large. [1] It may be pathological or harmless, and can be a familial genetic characteristic. . People diagnosed with macrocephaly will receive further medical tests to determine whether the syndrome is accompanied by particular disorde
Colpocephaly is a cephalic disorder involving the disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles and is usually diagnosed early after birth due to seizures. It is a nonspecific finding and is associated with multiple neurological syndromes , including agenesis of the corpus callosum , Chiari malformation ...