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Botrytis squamosa (teleomorph: Botryotinia squamosa) is a fungus that causes leaf blight on onion (often termed ‘blast’) that is distinctly characterized by the two stages – leaf spotting followed by blighting. [1] The pathogen is an ascomycete that belongs to the family Sclerotiniaceae in the order Helotiales. [2]
Botrytis is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae. Botrytis (also known as grey mold) belongs to the group hyphomycetes and has about 30 different species. It is a plant parasite as well as saprophytes on both agricultural and forest trees.
Fungal diseases; Botrytis blight Botrytis cinerea. Myrothecium root and crown rot Myrothecium roridum. Phytophthora root and stem rot Phytophthora spp. Pythium root rot Pythium ultimum Pythium mastophorum. Sclerotinia blight Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum
The Botrytis Leaf Blight pathogen survives the winter much like White Rot does, as sclerotia (a small mass of fungi capable of thriving in hostile conditions). [15] Such sclerotia is responsible for spreading the pathogen and infecting crops as it has been observed to infect leaves and bulbs of sprouted crops.
There are seven different species of Botrytis associated with onions in storage, but the rot induced by B. allii and B. aclada causes the greatest commercial loss. The two can be distinguished microscopically; the conidia of B. allii have a maximum length of 15 μm and mean size of 10.2 × 5.7 μm, while the conidia of B. aclada have a maximum length of 12 μm and mean size of 8.6 × 4.6 μm.
Damping-off and root rot Rhizoctonia solani Phytophthora spp. Fusarium spp. Pythium spp. Downy mildew Peronospora tabacina. Fusarium stem rot Fusarium solani. Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici. Gray leaf spot Stemphylium solani Stemphylium lycopersici. Gray mold Botrytis cinerea. Phytophthora blight Phytophthora capsici. Powdery mildew
There are a variety of hosts including but not limited to; banana, beans, cabbage, carrot, cassava, coffee, corn, cotton, onion, other crucifers, pepper, potato, sweet potato and tomato. Pandanus conoideus and karuka (Pandanus julianettii) get bacterial soft rot and necrosis on the leaves from Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. [1]
Rhizoctonia solani root rot on corn roots, magnified 0.63X. Damping off can be prevented or controlled in several different ways. Sowing seeds in a sterilized growing medium can be effective, although fungal spores may still be introduced to the medium, either on the seeds themselves or after sowing (in water or on the wind).