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Blood irradiation therapy is an alternative medical procedure in which the blood is exposed to low-level light (often laser light) for therapeutic reasons. [1] The practice was originally developed in the United States, [ 1 ] but most recent research on it has been conducted in Germany (by UV lamps ) and in Russia (in all variants).
The equivalent Mantoux test positive levels done with 10 TU (0.1 mL 100 TU/mL, 1:1000) are 0–4 mm induration (Heaf 0-1) 5–14 mm induration (Heaf 2) >15 mm induration (Heaf 3-4) The Mantoux test is preferred in the United States for the diagnosis of tuberculosis; multiple puncture tests, such as the Heaf test and Tine test, are not recommended.
The test was developed by Leonard Apt (1922–2013), [3] an American pediatric ophthalmologist. The test was originally used to identify the source of bloody stools in newborn infants. It has been modified to distinguish fetal from maternal hemoglobin in blood samples from any source. [4]
The international Radura logo, used to show a food has been treated with ionizing radiation. A portable, trailer-mounted food irradiation machine, c. 1968 Food irradiation (sometimes American English: radurization; British English: radurisation) is the process of exposing food and food packaging to ionizing radiation, such as from gamma rays, x-rays, or electron beams.
Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. An irradiator is a device used to expose an object to radiation, [ 1 ] most often gamma radiation , [ 2 ] for a variety of purposes.
A non-reactive (negative) rapid point of care test should still be followed up with immunoassay testing such as by a fourth-generation test after the window period. [27] Similarly, individuals taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can experience extended window periods compared to the average population, leading to ambiguous testing. [ 28 ]
Early tests of pasteurized milk – purchased at grocery stores in areas with cows that have tested positive for H5N1 influenza or bird flu – suggest that it is not infectious and wouldn’t be ...
In immunology, passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies.Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained from humans, horses, or other animals) are transferred to non-immune ...