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Irish also has intensive pronouns, used to give the pronouns a bit more weight or emphasis. The word féin ( /heːnʲ/ or /fʲeːnʲ/ ) "-self" can follow a pronoun, either to add emphasis or to form a reflexive pronoun.
Possessive pronouns in Old Irish, as expected, have genitive function. Additionally, when modifying verbal nouns, they may encode the direct object of a transitive verbal noun and the subject of an intransitive verbal noun .
Almost all adjectives in Irish can be used either predicatively or attributively. A predicative adjective is one that forms a part of the predicate, like red in the sentence The car is red. An attributive adjective directly modifies a noun, as in the red car. A predicate adjective in Irish does not inflect: Tá an fear sin beag. "That man is ...
There are two kinds of relative clauses in Irish: direct and indirect. Direct relative clauses begin with the leniting relativizer a and the independent form of an irregular verb is used. The direct relative is used when the relative pronoun is the subject or direct object of its clause. (50a) D'imigh na daoine a bhí míshásta thar sáile.
Irish verb forms are constructed either synthetically or analytically. Synthetic forms express the information about person and number in the ending: e.g., molaim "I praise", where the ending - aim stands for "1st person singular present". In this case, a pronoun is not allowed: * molaim mé is ungrammatical.
Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ ˈ ɡ eɪ l ɪ k / ⓘ GAY-lik), [3] [4] [5] is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. [4] [6] [7] [8] [3] It is a member of the Goidelic languages of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland. [9]
Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland , which regulates both spelling and grammar . [ 1 ]
Hiberno-English [a] or Irish English (IrE), [5] also formerly sometimes called Anglo-Irish, [6] is the set of dialects of English native to the island of Ireland. [7] In both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, English is the dominant first language in everyday use and, alongside the Irish language, one of two official languages (with Ulster Scots, in Northern Ireland, being yet ...