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  2. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    Soil bulk density is equal to the dry mass of the soil divided by the volume of the soil; i.e., it includes air space and organic materials of the soil volume. Thereby soil bulk density is always less than soil particle density and is a good indicator of soil compaction. [47] The soil bulk density of cultivated loam is about 1.1 to 1.4 g/cm 3 ...

  3. Bulk density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_density

    The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm 3 but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3. In contrast, soils rich in soil organic carbon and some friable clays tend to have lower bulk densities ( <1.0 g/cm 3 ) due to a combination of the low-density of the organic materials ...

  4. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. [60] Soil porosity consists of the void part of the soil volume and is occupied by gases or water. Soil consistency is the ability of soil materials to stick together. Soil temperature and colour are self-defining.

  5. Soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics

    Buoyant density, ′, defined as the density of the mixture minus the density of water is useful if the soil is submerged under water: ′ = where is the ...

  6. USDA soil taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDA_soil_taxonomy

    A soil family category is a group of soils within a subgroup and describes the physical and chemical properties which affect the response of soil to agricultural management and engineering applications. The principal characteristics used to differentiate soil families include texture, mineralogy, pH, permeability, structure, consistency, the ...

  7. Proctor compaction test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctor_compaction_test

    The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. The test is named in honor of Ralph Roscoe Proctor [ de ] , who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends ...

  8. Pore space in soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pore_space_in_soil

    Most soils have a dry bulk density between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm 3 but organic soil and some porous clays may have a dry bulk density well below 1 g/cm 3. Core samples are taken by pushing a metallic cutting edge into the soil at the desired depth or soil horizon. The soil samples are then oven dried (often at 105 °C) until constant weight.

  9. Soil morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_morphology

    Soil morphology is the branch of soil science dedicated to the technical description of soil, [1] ... Porosity of a soil is a function of the soil's bulk density ...