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Shannon's diagram of a general communications system, showing the process by which a message sent becomes the message received (possibly corrupted by noise). seq2seq is an approach to machine translation (or more generally, sequence transduction) with roots in information theory, where communication is understood as an encode-transmit-decode process, and machine translation can be studied as a ...
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It learns to represent text as a sequence of vectors using self-supervised learning .
NMT models differ in how exactly they model this function , but most use some variation of the encoder-decoder architecture: [6]: 2 [7]: 469 They first use an encoder network to process and encode it into a vector or matrix representation of the source sentence. Then they use a decoder network that usually produces one target word at a time ...
Like earlier seq2seq models, the original transformer model used an encoder-decoder architecture. The encoder consists of encoding layers that process all the input tokens together one layer after another, while the decoder consists of decoding layers that iteratively process the encoder's output and the decoder's output tokens so far.
T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. [1] [2] Like the original Transformer model, [3] T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers, where the encoder processes the input text, and the decoder generates the output text.
The decoder is the second neural network of this model. It is a function that maps from the latent space to the input space, e.g. as the means of the noise distribution. It is possible to use another neural network that maps to the variance, however this can be omitted for simplicity.
The idea of encoder-decoder sequence transduction had been developed in the early 2010s. The papers most commonly cited as the originators that produced seq2seq are two papers from 2014. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] A seq2seq architecture employs two RNN, typically LSTM, an "encoder" and a "decoder", for sequence transduction, such as machine translation.
As hand-crafting weights defeats the purpose of machine learning, the model must compute the attention weights on its own. Taking analogy from the language of database queries, we make the model construct a triple of vectors: key, query, and value. The rough idea is that we have a "database" in the form of a list of key-value pairs.