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The two most common types of speaker enclosure are acoustic suspension (sometimes called pneumatic suspension) and bass reflex.In both cases, the tuning affects the lower end of the driver's response, but above a certain frequency, the driver itself becomes the dominant factor and the size of the enclosure and ports (if any) become irrelevant.
The concept was innovated within acoustic enclosure design, and originally termed an "acoustical labyrinth", by acoustic engineer and later Director of Research, Benjamin Olney, who developed the concept at the Stromberg-Carlson Telephone Co. in the early 1930s while studying the effect of enclosure shape and size on speaker output, including ...
A dead or inert acoustic may be best, especially if properly filled with 'surround' reproduction, so that the reverberant field of the original space is reproduced realistically. This is currently quite hard to achieve, and so the ideal loudspeaker systems for stereo reproduction would have a uniform dispersion at all frequencies.
For 25 °C air with 50% relative humidity the expression evaluates to 9.438×10 −7 s 3 /m 3. From the efficiency, we may calculate sensitivity, which is the sound pressure level a speaker produces for a given input: A speaker with an efficiency of 100% (1.0) would output a watt for every watt of input.
At frequencies below system resonance, the air pressure caused by the cone motion is the dominant force. Developed by Edgar Villchur in 1954, this technique was used in the very successful Acoustic Research line of bookshelf speakers in the 1960s–70s. The acoustic suspension principle takes advantage of this relatively linear spring.
Phase plugs are commonly found in high-powered horn loudspeakers used in professional audio, in the mid- and high-frequency bandpasses, positioned between the compression driver diaphragm and the acoustic horn. They may also be present in front of woofer cones in some loudspeaker designs. In each case they serve to equalize sound wave path ...