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The Yale romanizations are four romanization systems created at Yale University for the following four East Asian languages: Yale romanization of Mandarin; Yale romanization of Cantonese; Yale romanization of Korean; JSL romanization, a system for the Japanese language which is sometimes called "Yale romanization".
The Yale romanization of Mandarin is a system for transcribing the sounds of Standard Chinese, based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. [1] It was devised in 1943 by the Yale sinologist George Kennedy for a course teaching Chinese to American soldiers, and was popularized by continued development of that course at Yale.
It is the standard romanization of the Korean language in linguistics. [1] The Yale system places primary emphasis on showing a word's morphophonemic structure. This distinguishes it from the other two widely used systems for romanizing Korean, the Revised Romanization of Korean (RR) and McCune–Reischauer. These two usually provide the ...
The chart below shows the difference between S. L. Wong (romanization), Guangdong Romanization, ILE romanization of Cantonese, Jyutping, Yale, Sidney Lau, Meyer–Wempe, along with IPA, S. L. Wong phonetic symbols and Cantonese Bopomofo.
For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. [3] Students attending The Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization. [4] Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic ...
The Yale romanization system was created at Yale University during World War II to facilitate communication between American military personnel and their Chinese counterparts. It uses a more regular spelling of Mandarin phonemes than other systems of its day.
Several problems with MR led to the development of the newer systems: Yale (1942): This system has become the established standard romanization for Korean among linguists. Vowel length in old or dialectal pronunciation is indicated by a macron. In cases that would otherwise be ambiguous, orthographic syllable boundaries are indicated with a period.
Cantonese Bopomofo, or Cantonese Phonetic Symbols (traditional Chinese: 粵語注音符號; simplified Chinese: 粤语注音符号; Jyutping: jyut6 jyu5 zyu3 jam1 fu4 hou6; Cantonese Yale: Yuht-yúh jyu-yām fùh-houh) is an extended set of Bopomofo characters used to transcribe Yue Chinese and, specifically, its prestige Cantonese dialect.