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The last eruption to occur at Yellowstone was 70,000 years ago, according to the United States Geological Survey.
FILE - The iconic Old Faithful Geyser springs to life (every 90 minutes) in Yellowstone National Park's Upper Geyser Basin on September 18, 2022, in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
The caldera is the enormous volcanic crater left from the last time Yellowstone experienced a giant eruption, 640,000 years ago. It covers an area about 30 by 45 miles.
The most recent eruption of Steamboat Geyser occurred on October 7, 2024. [10] This was the 168th eruption since it re-activated in early 2018. [11] In 2019 the 48th eruption occurred on December 26. That set a new record for the most eruptions within a calendar year. The calendar year 2020 also saw 48 eruptions, tying the record set in 2019. [12]
The hotspot's most recent caldera-forming supereruption, known as the Lava Creek Eruption, took place 640,000 years ago and created the Lava Creek Tuff, and the most recent Yellowstone Caldera. The Yellowstone hotspot is one of a few volcanic hotspots underlying the North American tectonic plate; another example is the Anahim hotspot.
This eruption produced more than 280 km2 of magma [7] and was nested within a portion of a larger caldera, the Huckleberry Ridge Caldera. [4] The third large eruption was about 0.6 Ma and created the Yellowstone Caldera. [4] This eruption produced 1,000 km2 of magma [7] through at least two volcanic vents. [4]
At least 22 people are known to have died from injuries related to thermal features in and around the 3,471-square-mile (9,000-square-kilometer) national park since 1890.
Final appropriations for fiscal year 2021 provided $30 million to the Volcano Hazards Program, which includes the warning and monitoring system. [12] In April, 2022, the USGS released its Volcano Hazards Program Strategic Science Plan for the five-year period from 2022 to 2026. [13]