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Microsporidiosis is an opportunistic intestinal infection that causes diarrhea and wasting in immunocompromised individuals (HIV, for example). It results from different species of microsporidia , a group of microbial (unicellular) fungi.
The named species of microsporidia usually infect one host species or a group of closely related taxa. Approximately 10 percent of the known species are parasites of vertebrates — several species, most of which are opportunistic, can infect humans, in whom they can cause microsporidiosis.
Enterocytozoon bieneusi, commonly known as microsporidia, is a unicellular, obligate intracellular eukaryote.Their life cycle includes a proliferative merogonic stage, followed by a sporogonic stage resulting in small, environmentally resistant, infective spores, which is their transmission mode.
It is a type of dermatophyte that colonizes keratinized tissues (primarily hair) causing infection. [2] The fungus is characterized by its spindle-shaped macroconidia (7–30 × 35–160 μm ), clavate microconidia (2.5–3.5 × 4–7 μm) as well as its pitted or spiny external walls.
Encephalitozoon intestinalis is a parasite. [1] It can cause microsporidiosis. [2]It is notable as having one of the smallest genome among known eukaryotic organisms, containing only 2.25 million base pairs. [3]
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Only the development within gilthead sea bream is currently known. [1] Since some of the closest relatives of E. nucleophila infect crustaceans (e.g., Enterospora canceri or E. hepatopenaei), and some of them have heteroxenous cycles alternating between crustacean and fish hosts (e.g., Desmozoon lepeophtheri [3] [citation needed]), a similar alternating cycle could occur for E. nucleophila.
Hence, animals, cats and dogs are believed to be the population hosts of this fungus, while humans are occasional hosts, in which the fungus can induce secondary infections. [4] Microsporum canis has been identified as a causal agent of a ringworm infection in pets, tinea capitis and tinea corporis in humans, children in particular. [2] [3] [5 ...