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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The Arab raid against Rome took place in 846. Muslim raiders plundered the outskirts of the city of Rome , sacking the basilicas of Old St Peter's and St Paul's-Outside-the-Walls , but were prevented from entering the city itself by the Aurelian Walls .
The Muslim Discovery of Europe is a non-fiction book by Bernard Lewis, published by W.W. Norton & Co. in 1982. The scope of the work goes from Early Muslim conquests in the continent up to the latter part of the 1700s..
A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [1]During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was an important contributor to the global cultural scene, innovating and supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
In Latin documents issued for diplomatic correspondence with Western European rulers, the sultans frequently used the title imperator. [34] [b] Ottoman claims to Roman legitimacy reached their peak under Suleiman I. In the sultan's wars against the powers of Western Europe, a common battle cry of his forces was "To Rome! To Rome!"
The Muslim model became an example of the "exotic" and "Utopian" ideal because it was not possible in European society. [46] European men sought to reinforce the traditional role of women and wanted their women to adhere to the model of Muslim women as frugal, obedient, wearing modest apparel, and respectful towards their husbands.
The Middle East's ties to the city of Rome were gradually severed as the Empire split into East and West, with the Middle East tied to the new Roman capital of Constantinople. The subsequent Fall of the Western Roman Empire therefore, had minimal direct impact on the region.
Grant, Michael History of Rome; Grunebaum, Gustave von (2005). Classical Islam: A History, 600 A.D. to 1258 A.D. Aldine Transaction. ISBN 0-202-30767-0; Hanson, Victor Davis. Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power. Anchor Books, 2001. Published in the UK as Why the West has Won. Faber and Faber, 2001. ISBN 0-571-21640-4