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A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a desktop computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the main voltage.
Thermal design power. Heatsink mounted on a motherboard, cooling the CPU underneath it. This heatsink is designed with the cooling capacity matching the CPU’s TDP. The thermal design power (TDP), sometimes called thermal design point, is the maximum amount of heat generated by a computer chip or component (often a CPU, GPU or system on a chip ...
ATX. An ATX motherboard. Comparison of some common motherboard form factors (pen for scale) ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) is a motherboard and power supply configuration specification, patented by David Dent in 1995 at Intel, [1] to improve on previous de facto standards like the AT design. It was the first major change in desktop computer ...
The computer tower contains the motherboard and processor. A computer lab with desktop PCs with flat-panel monitors. A desktop computer (often abbreviated desktop[ 1 ]) is a personal computer designed for regular use at a stationary location on or near a desk (as opposed to a portable computer) due to its size and power requirements.
Processor manufacturers usually release two power consumption numbers for a CPU: typical thermal power, which is measured under normal load (for instance, AMD's average CPU power) maximum thermal power, which is measured under a worst-case load; For example, the Pentium 4 2.8 GHz has a 68.4 W typical thermal power and 85 W maximum thermal power.
Computer cooling. A finned air cooled heatsink with fan clipped onto a CPU, with a smaller passive heatsink without fan in the background. A 3-fan heatsink mounted on a video card to maximize cooling efficiency of the GPU and surrounding components. Commodore 128DCR computer's switch-mode power supply, with a user-installed 60 mm cooling fan.