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The condition number is derived from the theory of propagation of uncertainty, and is formally defined as the value of the asymptotic worst-case relative change in output for a relative change in input. The "function" is the solution of a problem and the "arguments" are the data in the problem. The condition number is frequently applied to ...
Preconditioner. In mathematics, preconditioning is the application of a transformation, called the preconditioner, that conditions a given problem into a form that is more suitable for numerical solving methods. Preconditioning is typically related to reducing a condition number of the problem.
Circulant matrix. In linear algebra, a circulant matrix is a square matrix in which all rows are composed of the same elements and each row is rotated one element to the right relative to the preceding row. It is a particular kind of Toeplitz matrix. In numerical analysis, circulant matrices are important because they are diagonalized by a ...
In case of a symmetric matrix it is the largest absolute value of its eigenvectors and thus equal to its spectral radius. Condition number The condition number of a nonsingular matrix is defined as = ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖. In case of a symmetric matrix it is the absolute value of the quotient of the largest and smallest eigenvalue.
In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, the Moore–Penrose inverse of a matrix , often called the pseudoinverse, is the most widely known generalization of the inverse matrix. [ 1 ] It was independently described by E. H. Moore in 1920, [ 2 ] Arne Bjerhammar in 1951, [ 3 ] and Roger Penrose in 1955. [ 4 ]
In linear algebra, a Hilbert matrix, introduced by Hilbert (1894), is a square matrix with entries being the unit fractions. For example, this is the 5 × 5 Hilbert matrix: The entries can also be defined by the integral. that is, as a Gramian matrix for powers of x. It arises in the least squares approximation of arbitrary functions by ...
Symplectic matrix. In mathematics, a symplectic matrix is a matrix with real entries that satisfies the condition. (1) where denotes the transpose of and is a fixed nonsingular, skew-symmetric matrix. This definition can be extended to matrices with entries in other fields, such as the complex numbers, finite fields, p -adic numbers, and ...
In vector calculus, the Jacobian matrix (/ dʒəˈkoʊbiən /, [1][2][3] / dʒɪ -, jɪ -/) of a vector-valued function of several variables is the matrix of all its first-order partial derivatives. When this matrix is square, that is, when the function takes the same number of variables as input as the number of vector components of its output ...