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Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid pelvic formation, a large fetus, an unfavorable orientation of the fetus, or a combination of these factors. Certain medical conditions may distort pelvic bones ...
Pelvimetry is the measurement of the female pelvis. [1] It can theoretically identify cephalo-pelvic disproportion, which is when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. However, clinical evidence indicate that all pregnant women should be allowed a trial of labor regardless of pelvimetry results.
Cephalopelvic disproportion is the issue that arises when the fetus' body or head is too large to pass through the woman’s pelvis. [12] Common conditions that lead to CPD are diabetes, multiple pregnancies, small or abnormally shaped pelvis, atypical fetal positions, hereditary factors, and first time pregnancies. [12]
Trial of labour. In obstetrics a trial of labour is the conduction of spontaneous labour in a moderate degree of cephalopelvic disproportion. [1][2] It is performed under close observation by an obstetrician in order to assess a woman's chances of a successful vaginal birth. [3] The physician may allow labor to continue against ...
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. [2] Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. [1] It increases the risk of the mother getting an infection, having uterine ...
Consequently, there is an unusually high incidence of cephalopelvic disproportion and obstructed labor in humans. [ 1 ] The obstetrical dilemma claims that this difference is due to the biological trade-off imposed by two opposing evolutionary pressures in the development of the human pelvis : smaller birth canals in the mothers, and larger ...
The labor is increased because the baby's head is too big to pass through the mother's pelvis. This is called cephalopelvic disproportion. Caesarean sections are encouraged if this happens. [20] Complications include bleeding, infection, abnormal wound healing, abnormal placenta in future pregnancies, and rarely death. [21]
Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section. [7] In 2019, there were about 140.11 million human births globally. [9] In the developed countries, most deliveries occur in hospitals, [10 ...