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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. [3] CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease ...
The following is a list of the causes of human deaths worldwide for different years arranged by their associated mortality rates. In 2002, there were about 57 million deaths . In 2005, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), about 58 million people died. [ 1 ]
The Seven Countries Study is an epidemiological longitudinal study directed by Ancel Keys at what is today the University of Minnesota Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene & Exercise Science (LPHES). Begun in 1956 with a yearly grant of US$200,000 from the U.S. Public Health Service, the study was first published in 1978 and then followed up on ...
The Framingham Risk Score is a sex-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. The Framingham Risk Score was first developed based on data obtained from the Framingham Heart Study, to estimate the 10-year risk of developing coronary heart disease. [ 1 ] In order to assess the 10-year cardiovascular ...
One in four U.S. deaths can be attributed to some form of cardiovascular disease, and every 84 seconds, an American dies of heart disease, reports the AHA. Eight in every 10 heart disease deaths ...
The Global Burden of Disease Study began in 1990 as a single World Bank –commissioned [3] study that quantified the health effects of more than 100 diseases and injuries for eight regions of the world, giving estimates of morbidity and mortality by age, sex, and region. It also introduced the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) as a new ...
Major adverse cardiovascular events. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, or major adverse cardiac events) is a composite endpoint frequently used in cardiovascular research. [1][2] Despite widespread use of the term in clinical trials, the definitions of MACE can differ, which makes comparison of similar studies difficult.
The researchers found that people who followed a pattern of eating all of their food across fewer than 8 hours per day had a 91% higher risk of death due to cardiovascular disease.