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Some research has suggested the half-life of clonidine is dose dependent and approximately doubles upon chronic dosing, [93] while other work contradicts this. [6] Following a 0.3 mg oral dose, a small study of five patients by Dollery et al. (1976) found half-lives ranging between 6.3 and 23.4 hours ( mean 12.7). [ 94 ]
Zolpidem tartrate, a common but potent sedative–hypnotic drug.Used for severe insomnia. Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep [1]), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep [2] (or surgical anesthesia [note 1]) and to treat insomnia (sleeplessness).
Zolpidem, sold under the brand name Ambien among others, is a medication primarily used for the short-term treatment of sleeping problems. [11] [16] Guidelines recommend that it be used only after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and after behavioral changes, such as sleep hygiene, have been tried.
Overdose of the medication at a dose of up to four times the maximum recommended dose may result in adverse effects including somnolence, muscle weakness, catalepsy-like symptoms, sleep paralysis, attention disturbances, fatigue, headache, and constipation. [1] There is no specific antidote to overdose of daridorexant. [1]
Doses of hydroxyzine hydrochloride used for sleep range from 25 to 100 mg. [15] [16] [17] As with other antihistamine sleep aids, hydroxyzine is usually only prescribed for short term or "as-needed" use since tolerance to the CNS (central nervous system) effects of hydroxyzine can develop in as little as a few days.
Dextromethorphan (DXM), sold under the trade name Robitussin among others, is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines. [6] It affects serotonin, norepinephrine, NMDA, and sigma-1 receptors in the brain, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
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