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PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known to be a multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm.
The translocon (also known as a translocator or translocation channel) is a complex of proteins associated with the translocation of polypeptides across membranes. [1] In eukaryotes the term translocon most commonly refers to the complex that transports nascent polypeptides with a targeting signal sequence into the interior (cisternal or lumenal) space of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from ...
EC 7.1.1 Hydron translocation or charge separation linked to oxidoreductase reactions; EC 7.1.2 Hydron translocation linked to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate; EC 7.1.3 Hydron translocation linked to the hydrolysis of diphosphate; An important translocase contained in this group is ATP synthase, also known as EC 7.1.2.2.
The antibiotic fusidic acid is known to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria by binding to EF-G after one translocation event on the ribosome, preventing EF-G from dissociating. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] However, some bacterial strains have developed resistance to fusidic acid due to point mutations in the fusA gene, which prevents fusidic acid ...
A number of bacterial mRNAs have no 5'UTR whatsoever, or a very short one. The complete 70S ribosome, with the help of IF2 (recruiting fMet-tRNA), [8] can simply start translating such a "leaderless" mRNA. [1] A number of factors modify the efficiency of leaderless initiation. A 5' phosphate group attached to the start codon seems near ...
The bacterial outer membrane is physiologically shed as the bounding membrane of outer membrane vesicles in cultures, as well as in animal tissues at the host–pathogen interface, implicated in translocation of gram-negative microbial biochemical signals to host or target cells. [citation needed]
Holins; which function in export of enzymes that digest bacterial cell walls in an early step of cell lysis. Facilitated diffusion occurs in and out of the cell membrane via channels/pores and carriers/porters. Note: Channels: Channels are either in open state or closed state.
Gliding motility is a type of translocation used by microorganisms that is independent of propulsive structures such as flagella, pili, and fimbriae. [1] Gliding allows microorganisms to travel along the surface of low aqueous films. The mechanisms of this motility are only partially known.