Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Chondrification (also known as chondrogenesis) is the process by which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue, [2] which differentiates into chondrocytes and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix. Early in fetal development, the greater part of the skeleton is cartilaginous.
In embryogenesis, the skeletal system is derived from the mesoderm germ layer. Chondrification (also known as chondrogenesis) is the process by which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue, which differentiates into chondroblasts and begins secreting the molecules (aggrecan and collagen type II) that form the extracellular matrix.
An important genetic component of this process is Sox9, a HMG box transcription factor, which marks progenitor cells for chondrogenic differentiation. Inactivation of the Sox9 gene will result in the loss of all Cartilage, and thus Chondroblast, formation.
This process is similar across most vertebrates and is closely regulated due to the large importance of the skeleton in survival. Few deviations, misregulations, and mutations are found in organisms because they are often detrimental or lethal to the organism. This is why chondrocyte maturation is so tightly regulated.
The initiation of endochondral ossification starts by proliferation and condensation of mesenchymal cells in the area where the bone will eventually be formed. Subsequently, these mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiate into chondroblasts, which actively synthesize cartilage matrix components.
A loss of the foot processes of the podocytes (i.e., podocyte effacement) is a hallmark of minimal change disease, which has therefore sometimes been called foot process disease. [17] Disruption of the filtration slits or destruction of the podocytes can lead to massive proteinuria, where large amounts of protein are lost from the blood.
Plantar fasciitis is the inflammation of the plantar fascia, a broad band of ligament-like tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, from the ball of the foot down to the heel.
The navicular bone is a keystone of the foot: it is part of the coxa pedis and articulates with the talus, first, second and third cuneiform, cuboid and calcaneus. It plays an important role in the biomechanics of the foot, helping in inversion, eversion, and motion; it is a structural link between midfoot and forefoot and it is part of the ...